如何辨别小儿癫痫 ？

         癫痫是一种慢性的、反复出现的发作性疾病，是由多种原因引起的脑功能障碍的表现，如意识障碍、肌肉抽动，还可有感觉、行为、情感及自主神经性功能障碍，临床表现之一。                                                              
  病因                                                              
  1、原发性：指病因不明或有遗传因素参与。近年来原发性癫痫也找到了确切的病因                                                            
  2、继发性：常由以下因素引起：1）脑部疾病：如先天性脑发育畸形、感染、损伤、出血、缺氧、肿瘤等；2）脑外疾病：如心、肺、肾疾病引起的缺氧性损害；    

  3、营养、代谢紊乱：如水电解质紊乱，先天性、代谢性疾病，各种维生素缺乏症等；4）中毒：由药物、食物、毒素及金属中毒等引起    

                                                        
  临床表现                                                              
    1.全身性发作：

                  1）强直—痉挛性发作                                                            
                  2）失神发作                                              
                  3）失张力发作                                              
                  4）婴儿痉挛症                                              
                  5）肌阵挛性发作                                              
    2.部分性发作：

                 1）局限性运动发作                                                            
                 2）局限性感觉性发作                                              
                 3）局限性自主神经性发作                                               
                 4）局限性精神症状性发作                                               
                 5）复杂部分性发作                                               
    3.癫痫持续状态                                                           
   诊断                                                             
        首先要明确是否为癫痫，属哪种类型，病因及诱因是什么。除根据症状及神经系统检查外，还应做脑电图检查。可根据脑电图的改变结合临床作出诊断。                                                            
   预防                                                             
      加强围生期保健，预防早产、产时缺氧及颅内出血。
                                             

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